Aiming at the problem that the traditional Graph Transduction (GT) algorithm is computationally intensive and inaccurate, a semi-supervised classification algorithm based on C-means clustering and graph transduction was proposed. Firstly, the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm was used to pre-select unlabeled samples and reduce the range of the GT algorithm. Then, the k-nearest neighbor sparse graph was constructed to reduce the false connection of the similarity matrix, thereby reducing the time of composition, and the label information of the primary unlabeled samples was obtained by means of label propagation. Finally, combined with the semi-supervised manifold hypothesis model, the extended marker data set and the remaining unlabeled data set were used to train the classifier, and then the final classification result was obtained. In the Weizmann Horse data set, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm was more than 96%, compared with the traditional method of only using GT to solve the dependence problem on the initial set of labels, the accuracy was increased by at least 10%. The proposed algorithm was applied directly to the terracotta warriors and horses, and the classification accuracy was more than 95%, which was obviously higher than that of the traditional graph transduction algorithm. The experimental results show that the semi-supervised classification algorithm based on C-means clustering and graph transduction has better classification effect in image classification, and it is of great significance for accurate classification of images.